{"id":1216,"date":"2014-01-16T14:23:55","date_gmt":"2014-01-16T19:23:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/atipure.com\/store\/?post_type=avada_faq&#038;p=1216"},"modified":"2026-04-04T12:43:51","modified_gmt":"2026-04-04T17:43:51","slug":"particulate-matter","status":"publish","type":"avada_faq","link":"https:\/\/atipure.com\/store\/?avada_faq=particulate-matter","title":{"rendered":"Particulate Matter"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Particulate matter (PM) consists of airborne particles in solid or liquid form.\u00a0PM\u00a0may be classified as primary or secondary, depending on the compounds and processes involved during its formation. Primary\u00a0PM\u00a0is emitted at the emissions source in particle form, for example, the smokestack of an electrical power plant or a recently tilled field subject to wind erosion. Secondary\u00a0PM\u00a0formation results from a series of chemical and physical reactions involving different precursor gases, such as\u00a0<a title=\"sulphur oxides\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ec.gc.ca\/Air\/default.asp?lang=En&amp;n=BBB2123F-1\">sulphur oxides<\/a>\u00a0and nitrogen oxides, and\u00a0<a title=\"Ammonia\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ec.gc.ca\/Air\/default.asp?lang=En&amp;n=27A52116-1\">ammonia<\/a>\u00a0reacting to form sulphate, nitrate and ammonium particulate matter.<\/p>\n<p>The size of\u00a0PM\u00a0particles largely determines the extent of environmental and health damage caused. For this reason, Environment Canada identifies different sizes of\u00a0PM:<\/p>\n<p><b><i>Total Particulate Matter (TPM) &#8211;<\/i><\/b><i>airborne particulate matter with an upper size limit of approximately 100 micro metre (\u00b5m) in aerodynamic equivalent diameter<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Particulate Matter &lt;10 microns (PM<sub>10<\/sub>)<\/i><\/b><i>\u00a0&#8211; airborne particulate matter with a mass median diameter less than 10 \u00b5m<\/i><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Particulate Matter &lt; 2.5 microns (PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>)<\/i><\/b><i>\u00a0\u2013 airborne particulate matter with a mass median diameter less than 2.5 \u00b5m<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Numerous studies have linked\u00a0PM\u00a0to aggravated cardiac and respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis and emphysema and to various forms of heart disease.\u00a0PM\u00a0can also have adverse effects on\u00a0<a title=\"Vegetation\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ec.gc.ca\/Air\/default.asp?lang=En&amp;n=47005CA4-1\">vegetation<\/a>\u00a0and structures, and contributes to visibility deterioration and regional haze.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>  [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":20,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"faq_category":[61],"class_list":["post-1216","avada_faq","type-avada_faq","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","faq_category-air"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atipure.com\/store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/avada_faq\/1216","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atipure.com\/store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/avada_faq"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atipure.com\/store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/avada_faq"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atipure.com\/store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atipure.com\/store\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1216"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/atipure.com\/store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/avada_faq\/1216\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3917,"href":"https:\/\/atipure.com\/store\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/avada_faq\/1216\/revisions\/3917"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atipure.com\/store\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"faq_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atipure.com\/store\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ffaq_category&post=1216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}