Microorganisms can be divided into many different groups based on their characteristics and size, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, and other microorganisms. Fungi include a vast number of species and play an important role in the Earth’s ecological environment. They also serve useful purposes in the production of pharmaceuticals and fermented foods. However, fungi can also damage food, homes, and buildings, affecting not only their appearance but also indoor hygiene. Some fungi can cause infections or trigger allergic reactions.

Microbial growth generally requires suitable nutrients, moisture, and favorable environmental conditions. Damp environments are particularly favorable for the growth of mold and other microorganisms. Microbial spores are commonly present in the air and can settle on surfaces. When sufficient moisture and other favorable conditions are present, mold can grow and reproduce.

Effects on the Human Body: Damp environments are particularly prone to mold growth on food, building materials, and other surfaces. People living or working in damp buildings may be exposed to mold spores and other biological particles, which can irritate the respiratory system and trigger allergic reactions or worsen asthma symptoms. The health effects associated with microorganisms can generally be divided into three categories: infection, allergic reactions, and other effects caused by biological substances or toxins. The severity of these effects depends on the type and amount of exposure and the susceptibility of the individual.

People with allergies or asthma, as well as those with weakened immune systems, may be particularly sensitive to mold and other biological contaminants. Keeping indoor spaces dry, repairing water leaks promptly, and removing visible mold can help reduce exposure to these contaminants.

作者：Michael Chiu，MWS，CI
Previously published in Ming Pao Daily News – Updated and Revised in 2026